Violence In Video Games

Re-posted from: screenagers.me

'Dark Knight Rises' - Graffiti Mural

The video was shot and edited by the London Vandal. The art work, by Graffiti Life artists, took four hours to complete and was on a 20ft X 9ft wall located in East London.

Ken Loach to visit King Edward VI College on 16/11/12

A once in lifetime opportunity to engage with Ken Loach, the high profile and socially aware filmmaker, has arisen and should be regarded as unique. I would, therefore, expect and urge you to research his filmmaking career in preparation for his arrival on 16th November and make sure he receives the respect that he undoubtedly deserves.

Ken Loach is a former student of King Edward VI Grammar School, a world renowned social realist filmmaker and he will be coming to Nuneaton on 16th November 2012 to revisit the college he attended in the 1950's. This is one of the first times he has returned to his hometown in recent years and it will be an excellent opportunity for current Film and Media students to gain inspiration from one of the most influential filmmakers that the UK has ever produced.

Loach's filmmaking career initially began in theatre and television, but he gained international fame in 1969 when he made Kes, the story of a troubled boy and his kestrel, based on the novel A Kestrel for a Knave by Barry Hines. 

His most recent film The Angel's Share centres around a young Scottish troublemaker who is given one final opportunity to stay out of jail. The film competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival where Loach won the Jury Prize.

Generation of children could lose vital cultural skills, says Nicholas Serota

An entire generation of children could lose the cultural skills both they and the UK need if the government goes ahead with its English Baccalaureate plans without the arts as a core subject, the Tate director,Nicholas Serota, said on Thursday.

Serota used the launch of his organisation's annual report to urge ministers to rethink their plans for the EBacc certificates, which will replace GCSEs.

He said the arts should be a fourth "R" alongside reading, writing and arithmetic. "The proposals do not provide for the arts as being one of the core subjects and the way in which the proposals have been formulated makes it very clear that art, design, music, drama and dance will be pushed to the margin with very little time in the curriculum for those subjects.

"We regard cultural learning as being more important than ever and we think that the arts have a primary role to play in a world that is dependent on literacy of all kinds, including visual."

Serota said it was a more important matter than even the debate about public cuts to arts spending because it affected every child in the country and "it is about the kind of society that we want to have in 20 years' time".

He added: "There is a real risk that fewer and fewer schools will provide learning opportunities in the arts. The UK's leading edge in creativity may be lost. We cannot deprive an entire generation of children of the cultural skills that they will need."

Serota is the latest of many to express concern at the proposals as they stand. Among the many voices Deborah Annetts, the chief executive of the Incorporated Society of Musicians, said: "It is as if the Olympics never happened. Design – gone, technology – gone, music – gone. This shortsighted, wholesale attack on secondary music education will emasculate not only our world class music education system but also our entire creative economy."

Earlier this year Darren Henley published a well received report into cultural learning after which the government said it would publish a national plan by early autumn.

That plan is still awaited. Serota said: "Everyone recognises there have been many things on the plate of the DCMS [Department for Culture, Media and Sport] over the summer of the Olympics, but we earnestly hope that the national plan will be published before Christmas."

Tate's annual report highlighted some of its 516 acquisitions to the collection over the past year. They include works gifted by artists, such as Martin Creed giving a neon work with the words "DON'T WORRY", and works purchased, such as nearly 10 cubic metres of Ai Weiwei's sunflower seeds and 58 photographs by Lewis Baltz, which make up a series called San Quentin Point 1982.

The chairman of trustees, Lord Browne, said Tate now got the majority of its funding, 61%, from private and not public sources. "Over the past five years Tate has increased its self-generated income by 15%, compared to the 5% increase in grant-in-aid."

It was also announced that it has raised three-quarters of the capital costs for its ongoing £215m extension while all the money was raised for the £45m Tate Britain redevelopment that will, among other things, allow the first floor to be opened to the public for the first time since 1928.

Guardian.co.uk

'Blade Runner' in Watercolours

Aquarelle is a French term for watercolor that refers specifically to paintings made with a transparent wash—meaning you can't fix an aquarelle by retouching or painting over a mistake. You have to get it right the first time. That's why aquarelles feel quick and spontaneous—even when they're recreating a classic movie that you've seen many times over.

That's the case with Anders Ramsell's remarkable Blade Runner: Aquarelle Edition, a project that consists of 3,285 paintings so far. Thousands more will be required to make the entire film—but Ramsell's dedication seems less crazy after watching the finished product to this point. The result has an ethereal, dreamy quality. 

Britain in a Day

On Saturday 12 November 2011, all across Britain, people filmed the everyday events of their lives. The resulting 750 hours of footage have been edited into a 90 minute film by director Morgan Matthews. It will be shown on BBC2 at 9.00pm on Monday 11th June. For more information go to the BBC website, where you can see clips of the film.

An 18th Century Transvestite

The National Portrait Gallery has bought, what is believed to be, it's first portrait of a man in woman's clothing; an 18th century transvestite called Charles Geneviève Louis Auguste André Timothée d'Éon de Beaumont. He was well known across all sections of society as a diplomat, soldier and spy. Read more about the portrait and it's subject on The Guardian website.

RETROMANIA: Pop Culture's Addiction To Its Own Past By Simon Reynolds

Dummy magazine's "The 10 Best Modern Music Books": #1. Retromania: Pop Culture’s Addiction To Its Own Past "There’s no doubting technology’s ability to reproduce and discover art and artists of the past has had an impact on the retrogressive eye of contemporary culture and music. Whether you agree with his polemical tract, Simon Reynolds’s era-defining book is as essential as it gets."

"The best book I read recently is Retromania by Simon Reynolds. It's fantastic. Reading Simon Reynolds is like getting in a warm bath"--Jason Schwartzman, GQ Style

Visit Simon Reynolds Blog

http://retromaniabysimonreynolds.blogspot.co.uk/

In the Best Possible Taste

Turner Prize winning artist Grayson Perry hosts a new series on Channel 4 called 'In the Best Possible Taste' which starts on June 5th at 10pm. He looks at how our family background and class shape the way we define ourselves through what we wear and buy and how we live. Each episode sees Grayson create a piece of artwork inspired by his experience. See more about the series here.

To read an interview with Grayson about his views on taste and class go to the Guardian website.

Plan B's iLL Manors: 'This is the true, dark reality'

The song inspired by last year's riots has now become a film. Plan B, aka Ben Drew, explains why he was driven to make it.

"A lot of people outside this environment don't believe it exists," he continues. "So in the film, rather than glamorise it, I'm trying to say to people this is the true, dark reality. This is what happens. It's not cool. No drug dealer really has the last laugh."

Dark reality is, if anything, an understatement. The film is an unapologetic and at times unnerving and uncomfortable drama, a depiction of life in the most unloved and unforgiving streets of east London, seen through the interwoven lives of its dysfunctional characters, linked and part-narrated by six new Plan B tracks. Starring established British actors such as Riz Ahmed (aka rapper Riz MC) and Natalie Press alongside unknowns such as Keith Coggins (Drew's godfather in real life) and Ryan De La Cruz, it shows the spirals of hopelessness and violence that vulnerable individuals can easily be sucked in to.

ILL Manors is not a manifesto or a direct polemic, but, like many of the best protest artforms, concentrates on capturing a mood – of desolation and anxiety. Rather than judging or preaching, it's more concerned with encouraging debate about the root of the problems it presents and demonstrating how they can have a domino effect on people's lives. It's also a surprisingly accomplished piece of work for a directorial debut and Drew, you could argue, is becoming a much-needed spokesman for an alienated sector of our society that feels it doesn't have a voice.

"I just wanted to say, 'They're not all scum,'" says Drew of his characters. "They act the way they do because of the shit that happened to them that wasn't their fault. It's not your fault if your parents abandon you and put you in a home. It's not your fault, but there comes a time when you have to take responsibility for your actions. But for a lot of them, there's no one there saying, 'All that shit that happened to you in the past is fucked up, man, and I feel really sorry for you, but you're just repeating that bad and negative energy through what you're doing and you can't keep blaming the past for the way you're acting now.'"

Read the full interview/article: The Guardian

Audio Visual Presentation: Sample Coursework

Here is a sample Audio Visual Presentation for AS Coursework that gained an A grade. Use it as a a guide for what is expected of in terms of language, content and theory for your 'Audio Visual Presentation'. 

Guardian Readers recommend: songs about teenagers – results

Youth is wasted on the young, as jealous old George Bernard Shaw once said. But that didn't seem true of the subjects of many songs you suggested last week. Anyway, with grownups hurling so many brickbats at them, who can blame teenagers for throwing the odd strop?

"It's only teenage wasteland." So sang the Who on Baba O'Riley. Though as RR commenter treefrogdemon says, "Why is it a teenage wasteland? Dunno." But incoherence is part of the teenager's lot, and anyone who's been 15 will feel the uncontained rage in the song, happily rescued from Pete Townshend's abandoned concept album Lifehouse (abandoned because only Townshend understood the concept).

Rock'n'roll began life as music for teenagers, and progenitor Eddie Cochran knew his audience. Teenage Heaven consists of a list of demands that will strike a chord with all disaffected teens: "I want to stay up all night … Just give me some time on my hands/ I want to make my own private plans."

Punk, like rock'n'roll, was to a large extent teenagers making music for teenagers. Hence Teenage Treats by the Wasps, east London youths whose musical career was on the skids before they were old enough to vote.

You've got to hand it to Atari Teenage Riot, whose eponymous debut single gleefully imbued the thrills of rave with the snottiest punk attitude. Rave plays a role too in the Killers' When You Were Young: it's half stadium rock anthem, with a Bruce Springsteen-esque nostalgia for mythical youth, and half house euphoria. And Dire Straits' Romeo and Juliet may be self-consciously "classic", but recasts the age-old tale of star-crossed teen lovers to the rock era in a way even Springsteen must have envied.

The Beach Boys' hymn to teenage solitude, In My Room, was an early attempt by Brian Wilson to create music he described as "teenage symphonies to God". The Beach Boys also recorded So Young, a cover of a 1958 hit by doowoppers the Students. The Ronettes' version is right up there, Ronnie Spector's voice full of not-quite-innocent heartbreak, Phil Spector's production all heavenly strings and choirs of angels.

The Teenagers' F*ck Nicole ("so teenage, so French" as RR regular Japanther says) is full of surprises: backwards verses, superfluous swearing and a Gallic Lou Reed detailing an adolescent career off the rails. But hang on. Japanese popstrels Scandal were nominated by Hoshino Sakura, who says Beauteen's about "being a teenager, pretty and love … the perfect antidote to all the teenage angst from the Smiths!"

No Smiths in this week's playist, but the Flamin' Groovies are in garage rock mode on Teenage Head, focusing on sexual frustration and aggression. First line: "I'm a monster!" And there's more cartoon parent-worrying from the Ramones in Teenage Lobotomy: "Now I guess I'll have to tell 'em/ that I got no cerebellum." A contender, surely, for the best lyric ever. And I loved RR commenter llamalpaca's description of adolescence as portrayed in the Regents' skinny-tie classic 7-Teen: "Knocking on the door of adulthood but not getting in."

Here's the playlist:

Baba O'Riley – The Who

Teenage Heaven – Eddie Cochran

Teenage Treats – The Wasps

ATR – Atari Teenage Riot

When You Were Young (Lindbergh Palace remix) – The Killers

Romeo and Juliet – Dire Straits

In My Room – The Beach Boys

So Young – The Ronettes

F*ck Nicole – The Teenagers

Beauteen – Scandal

Teenage Head – Flamin' Groovies

Teenage Lobotomy – Ramones

7-Teen – The Regents

* Listen to these songs on a YouTube playlist

* Read all the readers' recommendations on last week's blog, from which the songs above are selected

* Here's a Spotify playlist containing readers' recommendations on this theme

• guardian.co.uk, Thursday 19 April 2012

The Sociology of Culture: Everyday Life and the Construction of Meaning

Here are 2 chapters from 'The Sociology of Culture' which you will find useful for applying theory to your coursework and exam assignments. They are concerned with 'Everyday Life and the Construction of Meaning': specifically 'Music and Social Experience' and 'Consumer Culture'. Taking and using a few selective quotes from these sections will add a theoretical perspective to your individual studies and strengthen your critical analysis of cultural practices and products.

What role did brands play in last summer's riots?

'After the Riots' is the name of a report produced by the Riots, Communities and Victims Panel which was set up after last summer's riots. This is a very interesting article featured on the Guardian website that discusses the report's findings, the way big brands market themselves and the effects they have on young people.

The Mean World Syndrome

Mean World Syndrome is a phenomenon where the violence-related content of mass media convinces viewers that the world is more dangerous than it actually is, and prompts a desire for more protection than is warranted by any actual threat. Mean World Syndrome is one of the main conclusions of cultivation theory. The term "Mean World Syndrome" was coined by George Gerbner, a pioneer researcher on the effects of television on society, when he noted that people who watched a lot of TV tended to think of the world as an unforgiving and scary place.

Coursework Guidance: Essay Assignments

There are now 2 examples of student work available on the 'Student Work' page with key terms highlighted for guidance in your essay assignments. Use these, and the terms/guidelines below, as a minimum requirement for a satisfactory grade.

Key words

Section A:

Site A: Investigation

Key words
Section A:
Site B: Exploration

For each assignment:

The Codes of Gender

Written and directed by MEF Executive Director Sut Jhally, The Codes of Gender applies the late sociologist Erving Goffman's groundbreaking analysis of advertising to the contemporary commercial landscape, showing how one of American popular culture's most influential forms communicates normative ideas about masculinity and femininity.

Google Art Project Expands, Bringing 30,000 Works of Art from 151 Museums to the Web

Last February, Google launched Art Project, which lets users take a virtual tour of 1,000 works of art from 17 great museums — from the MoMA and Met in New York City, to the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, to the Van Gogh Museum and Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

Now comes news that Art Project has greatly expanded its coverage, giving users access to 30,000 high-resolution artworks appearing in 151 museums across 40 countries. The virtual tour includes paintings but also sculpture, street art and photographs. And you can now explore collections (see all) from the National Gallery of Modern Art in Delhi, the Musée d’Orsay in Paris, the Museum of Islamic Art in Qatar, the Museu De Arte Moderna De São Paulo in Brazil, and the Tokyo National Museum.

This is all part of Google’s effort to bring cultural artifacts to the broadest possible audience. Just last week, Googleplex helped launch the Nelson Mandela Digital Archive and, before that, a high resolution version of The Dead Sea Scrolls.

via Google Blog

Peter Blake's Cultural Icons

Sir Peter Blake, best known as the 'godfather' of British Pop Art and creator of the cover for the Beatles' Sgt Pepper Album, is celebrating his 80th birthday this year. He has been asked to recreate his most famous work, but this time fill it with British cultural figures that he most admires. People included are J.K. Rowling, Noel Gallagher, Grayson Perry, Amy Winehouse, Danny Boyle and David Attenborough. Paul McCartney and his daughter Stella are also there.
The new version has been created for a special birthday celebration of Blake's life at the Vintage Festival hosted by Wayne Hemmingway at Boughton House, Northamptonshire, in July. Go to their website to read more and see the full list of people included. The original artwork is pictured below.

Facebook's 'dark side': study finds link to socially aggressive narcissism

Researchers have established a direct link between the number of friends you have on Facebook and the degree to which you are a "socially disruptive" narcissist, confirming the conclusions of many social media sceptics.

People who score highly on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory questionnaire had more friends on Facebook, tagged themselves more often and updated their newsfeeds more regularly.

The research comes amid increasing evidence that young people are becoming increasingly narcissistic, and obsessed with self-image and shallow friendships.

The latest study, published in the journal Personality and Individual Differences, also found that narcissists responded more aggressively to derogatory comments made about them on the social networking site's public walls and changed their profile pictures more often.

A number of previous studies have linked narcissism with Facebook use, but this is some of the first evidence of a direct relationship between Facebook friends and the most "toxic" elements of narcissistic personality disorder.

Full article: guardian.co.uk, 17 March 2012 

Media Magazine: Culture Online (Ideas)

Click above to download

PopCult Mag: Online Magazine (Ideas)

Click above to visit site

PopCult is an on-line magazine simply dedicated to pop culture. It is worth a look to get some solid discussion of contemporary artefacts and issues as, for the most part, other magazines are writing about entertainment products, not necessarily "culture." What you typically get in the regular press are articles interviewing celebrities who just happen to be selling something: a new movie, a new CD, a new TV show, or just their own fabulousness. Consequently, most of the media that's described as being about "pop culture" is really about the personalities of famous people.

What comes across in PopCult is a genuine love and interest in popular culture, left-field arts, personal obsessions and a site that actually believes in what it writes about.

Featured Article

Click above to read full article

Extract:

Take a look at your local newsstand and here's what you'll see: racks upon racks of magazines that look almost identical. Whether they focus on music, fashion, cigars, fitness, women, or men, most magazines typically feature a grinning celebrity on the cover peeking out from behind squadrons of coverlines. It wasn't always like this.

From the "golden age" of magazine popularity in the 1920s-'30s and on through to the early '60s, even the most mainstream of magazines tried to lure in readers with distinctive design, original typography, and striking artwork. The cover was considered a canvas–rather than merely a billboard–by groundbreaking art directors like Mehemed Fehmy Agha (Vogue, House & Garden, Vanity Fair), Alexey Brodovitch (Harper's Bazaar), and Eleanor Treacy and Francis Brennan (Fortune). These and other designers of that era transformed magazines into works of art in themselves.

Off Book: Book Art

Books are in a conflicted state. Should they still exist in a digital era? Will they all be replaced by Kindles and Nooks? These questions dominate the discussion of books in our time. A select group of artists, who use books as their medium, engage this discussion from another angle. From pop culture pop-ups, to surreal sculptural stories, to reformations of antique sacred texts, these creators re-envision what the experience of a book can be. At times playful, and other times profound, this episode explores the boundaries of one of the most important human creations.

Off Book: Visual Culture Online

For decades now, people have joined together online to communicate and collaborate around interesting imagery. In recent years, the pace and intensity of this activity has reached a fever pitch. With countless communities engaging in a constant exchange, building on each others’ work, and producing a prodigious flow of material, we may be experiencing the early stages of a new type of artistic and cultural collaboration. In this episode of Off Book, we’ll speak with a number of Internet experts and artists who'll give us an introductory look into this intriguing new world.

One Fanboy’s Quest to Be Drawn Into as Many Comic Books as Possible

Superhero fanboys lead vicarious lives. Some trudge through conventions with knives made of spray-painted cardboard taped to their knuckles. Others, like masked crusader Phoenix Jones, bust Seattle carjackers. But sometimes wearing orange foam bricks and growling, “It’s clobberin’ time!” just doesn’t scratch the itch. Enter Jeff Johnson. Popping up in nearly 30 comic books, he has become the industry’s Waldo—a lurking stowaway who has managed to hijack the unlikeliest panels.

“It’s the ultimate bragging right to go into a comic store and pick up a book you’re in,” says Johnson, a 30-year-old Kmart electronics clerk from Leavenworth, Kansas. His infamous glasses-and-goatee mug has been zombiefied (The Walking Dead), digitized (Tron: Betrayal), and placed alongside Sinestro (Green Lantern Corps), thanks to his ceaseless lobbying and the cooperation of artists. The project, tracked on his blog, DrawMeIn.com, has brought no money (“I don’t think the publishers are aware of what I’m doing,” he says) but plenty of nerd acclaim. The idea sprang from a 2006 FHM contest in which entrants sent pictures of themselves in homemade costumes of villains; the winner (if you want to call it that) was drawn into Ultimate X-Men. Johnson didn’t want to dress up, so instead he handed out DrawMeIn flyers at Comic-Con, after which penciler Ryan Ottley worked him into Invincible.

Today the cameos keep rolling—eagle-eyed readers can expect to see Johnson this spring in Image Comic’s Near Death and Paul Cornell’s Saucer Country. And while he’s got his eye on an even 50 books, he maintains that it’s about quality, not quantity: “I’m pretty sure Stan Lee has an edge on me.” For now, at least.

Wired.com: 28/2/12

Charlie Brooker explains the 'phenomenon' of Invisible Children video Kony 2012

The Kony 2012 video, released online last week, has been watched nearly 76m times on YouTube, prompting not only a media sensation but speculation over the organisation’s background and profile.

The Pink and Blue Project

Children of all ages are hooked on pink and blue, a trend ensured by parents who begin collecting for sons and daughters when they are infants. JeongMee Yoon's playful photographic project "The Pink and Blue Project" highlights both gender and culture by having infants pose with their favorite belongings, including JeongMee's own daughter Seowoo, pictured above.

Gillian Wearing

Gillian Wearing is a Birmingham born artist whose films and photographs explore people's public faces and private lives. She draws on fly-on-the-wall documentaries, reality TV and the techniques of theatre, to explore how we present ourselves to the world. Her photographic portraits and mini-dramas show that, given the chance to dress up, put on a mask or act out a role, can allow us to be more truly ourselves. She has a retrospective show at The Whitechapel Gallery which starts on March 28th.

Here is a short slide presentation made about her work.

Wonder Women! Searches for Pop Culture’s Heroines

Katie Pineda, a young girl who appears in Wonder Women! The Untold Story of American Superheroines, will teach viewers a lesson about comics that few others could.

An avid fan of comic books, Katie can talk about her favorites at length. Despite the occasional stammer, she is incredibly well-spoken for a fourth grader. But speaking isn’t how she teaches. What we learn from Katie is through her favorite character: Wonder Woman. And what we learn is that she probably idolizes the DC Comics character because, frankly, there aren’t nearly enough superheroines worth emulating.

“I just thought, ‘[Wonder Woman is] important in all these different moments historically, and wouldn’t it be interesting to hang up a larger dialog about women as heroes and women represented in popular culture and use her as a vehicle to guide that?’” Wonder Women! director Kristy Guevara-Flanigan said in an interview with Wired.

The fact that there aren’t many female heroes in comic books isn’t that shocking — comics have always been something of a sausagefest — but what seems to be overlooked is girls like Katie, one of many young women who would love a few more heroines to look up to. And, as this documentary shows, Wonder Woman has had such an impact since her creation in the early 1940s — from inspiring Rosie the Riveters to Riot Grrrls — that she herself deserves more credit than she gets.

Wonder Women!, which premieres Saturday at the South by Southwest Film festival, was originally conceived after Guevara-Flanigan — whose day job is teaching film at Diablo Valley College in the San Francisco Bay Area — saw an article about Gail Simone, the first female ongoing writer for the comic from 2007 to 2010.

What the director found as she started digging was that Wonder Woman’s original incarnation, as created by William Moulton Marston in 1941, was a very feminist character that became fairly milquetoast during the more conservative post-World War II era, only to be revived and embraced during the Second Wave Feminist movement (the first cover of Ms. magazine featured an image of the heroine with the line “Wonder Woman for President”).

Guevara-Flanigan’s documentary traces how Wonder Woman’s presence influenced the Riot Grrrl political punk movement of the 1990s — Bikini Kill and Le Tigre frontwoman Kathleen Hanna trashing of the Spice Girls’ embrace of “Girl Power” is particularly phenomenal — and also puts in stark contrast the fact that so many women in the 20th century looked up to Wonder Woman because there really weren’t many other characters on which they could train their admiration.

“I think when you’re little, and looking at people’s knees, you’re so powerless and so unequal that it’s really helpful to be able to think yourself into someone who is powerful,” Ms. magazine co-founder Gloria Steinem says in the film. “Even more powerful than grown-ups.”

Drawing on input from other feminist thinkers, comic book scholars and fans at New York Comic Con (as well as Katie Pineda), Wonder Women! turns what could’ve just been a flat history of a comic book character into a brief study of female empowerment in the last century. This is especially clear in a vignette with a young single mother, who serves as the narrative’s real-world superhero (complete with Wonder Woman tattoo).

In 2010, social sciences scholar Kathryn Gilpatric — a subject of the film — did a study or 157 female action characters and found that half were evil characters, doomed to death. Another 30 percent that weren’t villains were killed off, dying in self-sacrifice (think Trinity in The Matrix trilogy, Phoenix in X-Men: The Last Stand).

The documentary doesn’t end on a downer. In a brief montage, we are reminded that in recent years new heroines have risen out of Phoenix’s ashes, so to speak. Lisbeth Salander has proven hacking (among other tools of vengeance) can enable a whole new kind of justice in the The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo book and films. Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games will soon show theater audiences just how revolutionary female self-preservation can be.

“Not all superheroes have powers, like, most of them are just regular people, but they became something more, and that’s how they inspire me,” she says in the film. “Sometimes I get picked on at school but I just tell myself, ‘Keep going, keep going, you’re going to be more.’ Because some day they’re going to be wishing that they treated me better.”

Edited from: Wired.com